Chart. (March 30, 2021). Sweden Global gender gap index, 2006-2021 - knoema.com For example, they may be less inclined to apply for a loan, fearing rejection by lenders (Chaudhurietal., 2020; Moroetal., 2017), or rely more on their own capital or from family members, which leads to less demand for external finance, including start-up loans (Andrsde etal., 2020). The 2021 reports findings are listed below. The rest of our paper is organised as follows. The figures have been rounded and taken from several publications. Chaudhuri K., Sasidharan S., Raj R.S.N. In particular, female entrepreneurs accessed debt financing from banks and MFIs by up to 1.0 and 1.9 percentage points more, respectively, during the pandemic. Japan Ranks 120th in 2021 Gender Gap Report | Nippon.com For example, the current share of women in Cloud Computing is 14.2% and that figure has only improved by 0.2 percentage points, while the share of women in Data and AI roles is 32.4% and that figure has seen a mild decline of 0.1 percentage points since February 2018. Preliminary evidence suggests that the health emergency and the related economic downturn have impacted women more severely than men, partially re-opening gaps that had already been closed. Gender gap - Newspaper - DAWN.COM Propensity score matching and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition tests confirm the baseline regression results. This puts Japan at the bottom of the ladder among the . The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2021 | Mobile for Development About 12% of sample firms are exporters, 33% are product or process innovators; 3% are micro-sized, 47% small-sized (<19 employees), 32% are medium-sized (19-100 employees), and 18% are large (>100 employees). The slow progress seen in closing the Economic Participation and Opportunity gap is the result of two opposing trends. Early evidence from a survey. Additionally, the data available for the 2021 edition of the report does not yet fully reflect the impact of the pandemic. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set These figures are mainly driven by a decline in the performance of large countries. The source adds the following information: "The index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, education, health and political criteria, and provides country rankings that allow for effective comparisons across regions and income groups. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q2 2022, Research Expert covering the economy and society on Egypt, South Africa, and Ethiopia, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Section2 presents the data and empirical method. The evolving impacts of COVID-19 on small businesses since the CARES Act, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. Stefani, M.L., Vacca, V., 2013. Credit access for female firms: evidence from a survey on European SMEs. Please do not hesitate to contact me. We apply two robustness checks: propensity score matching (PSM) and BlinderOaxaca decomposition technique. Perhaps this could be explained by substantial government subsidies provided to businesses during mandatory lockdowns. Our exploration of the relationship between gender and access to finance during the COVID-19 pandemic proceeds using business level data drawn from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) and World Bank COVID-19 follow up surveys from the same organisation (WorldBank,2020). Standard errors are in parentheses. It shows the loss in potential human development due to inequality between female and male achievements in these dimensions. You may notice problems with The Empathy Gap: The eBook Now Out 3rd August 2021; Gender Empathy Gap Day 11th July 2021; Summaries 9th July 2021; White Working-Class Pupils: Education Committee Report 23rd June 2021; A couple of announcements 9th June 2021; The Myth About Rape Myths 28th May 2021; International Boys' Day, 16 May 2021 10th May 2021; Captain Cuttle and Jack . Cowling M., Liu W., Ledger A. Table6 Do women pay more for credit? Its score has remained constant since 2021, when it was ranked 155th out of 156 countries. Not only is the country still hovering at the bottom of the gender parity index, it has since last year actually slipped a . Brown R., Rocha A., Cowling M. Financing entrepreneurship in times of crisis: Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the market for entrepreneurial finance in the United Kingdom. Lastly, our research is not free of limitations, including sparse contributions to the "gender diversity" literature as this would require data on the number of male/female managers and/or owners, something which cannot be mitigated because of data limitations. Western Europe remains the region that has progressed the most towards gender parity (77.6%) and is further progressing this year. Does gender matter in bank-firm relationships? As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. In Educational Attainment, 95% of this gender gap has been closed globally, with 37 countries already at parity. 2Although the heckprobit model is widely used in literature, this method is not without its drawbacks. 3We identifiedSales_Increase as an alternative IV variable. The second instrumental variable Delay_Pay takes the value of 1 if the firm delays their payments, and 0 otherwise. The Global Gender Gap Index measures scores on a 0 to 100 scale and scores can be interpreted as the distance to parity (i.e. ", World Economic Forum, Gender gap index in Egypt from 2016 to 2021 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1253939/gender-gap-index-in-egypt/ (last visited November 10, 2022), Gender gap index in Egypt from 2016 to 2021, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Average monthly salary in the media industry in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Employment in the media industry in Sweden 2008-2020, by gender, Monthly salary of managers in the media industry in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Number of managers working in the media industry in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Daily media usage in Sweden 2021, by gender, Average time spent per day with media in Sweden 2021, by gender, Monthly salary of journalists in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Female journalists' salary as a percentage of males salary in Sweden 2014-2021, Salary of movie and theater directors and producers in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Gender pay gap among film & stage directors & producers in Sweden 2014-2021, Distribution of leading roles in movies in Sweden 2021, by gender & production origin, Share of women making documentaries in Sweden 2015-2019, by job type, Share of funded short movies with a woman in a key position in Sweden 2021, Share of funded feature-length movies with a woman in a key position in Sweden 2021, Monthly salary of musicians in Sweden 2014-2020, by gender, Female musicians' salary as a percentage of male musicians salary in Sweden 2014-2019, Monthly salary of game and media designers in Sweden 2015-2021, by gender, Female game developers' salary as a percentage of men's salary in Sweden 2014-2021, Female game designer salary as a percentage of men's salary in Sweden 2015-2020, Number of game and digital media designers in Sweden 2017-2020, by gender, Distribution of employees of Bonnier 2020, by gender, Number of employees at Aller Holding 2014-2021, by gender, Number of employees of Nordic Entertainment Group 2018-2021, by gender, Employees of Modern Times Group 2021, by country and gender, Starbreeze women female workforce 2016-2021, Average daily TV viewing time in Sweden 2009-2021, by gender, Watching online video per day in Sweden 2011-2021, by gender, Individuals downloading/streaming music per day in Sweden 2009-2021 by gender, Weekly book readers in Sweden 2008-2021, by gender, Daily newspaper subscribers in Sweden 2009-2021, by gender, Frequency of playing online games in Sweden 2019, by gender, Costa Rica: gender gap index 2022, by area, Guatemala: gender gap index 2022, by area, Venezuela: gender gap index 2021, by area, Argentina: gender gap index 2022, by area, Dominican Republic: gender gap index 2022, by area, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Find a brief overview of all Outlooks here, Tools and Tutorials explained in our Media Centre. There are significant disparities across and within various geographies. Robb, A., Consulting, M., Rafael, L.S., 2013. In Health and Survival, 96% of this gender gap has been closed, registering a marginal decline since last year (not due to COVID-19), and the time to close this gap remains undefined. Throwing Children to the Wolves | The Illustrated Empathy Gap Gender Inequality Index - Wikipedia to address the spreading of the coronavirus. Global Gender Gap Report 2021 - Free PDF Download "Gender Gap Index in Egypt from 2016 to 2021. Global Gender Gap Report 2021: Hegemony, Level-Blind Assessments and Heckprobit results for access to finance in female-owned firms. Second, policies and practices need to proactively focus on overcoming occupational segregation by gender. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set The Global Gender Gap Index measures scores on a 0 to 100 scale and scores can be interpreted as the distance to parity (i.e. In such situations, group stereotypes are applied to individual borrowers (Wellalageand Locke,2017). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is widely in gender studies to identify and quantify the separate contributions of differences in measurable characteristics to group differences in the outcome of interest. "Gender Gap Index in Ethiopia in 2021, by Sector. Takes the value of 1 if the firm reports a decrease in cash flow during the pandemic, and 0 otherwise. The gender gap in Iran and a lack of access to equal opportunities Takes a value of 1 if the firm accessed finance from equity (increase contributions or capital from existing owners/shareholders or issuing new shares) as the main mechanism of dealing with cash flow shortages during the pandemic. Collective risk management in a flight to quality episode. You only have access to basic statistics. The three indicators that make up the political empowerment sub-index are: (1) Female to male ratio of seats in parliament; (2) Female to male ratio of those serving at the ministerial level; and (3) Female to male ratio of years as the head of state (in the last 50 years). and over 1Mio. Global Gender Gap Index 2020: WEF - Drishti IAS Gompers P.A., Ishii J., Metrick A. Bartik, A.W., Bertrand, B., Zo, B., Cullen, B.Z., Glaeser, E.L., Luca, M., Stanton, C.T., 2020, How are small businesses adjusting to COVID-19? The index scores shown in the graph may differ from the original three-decimal scores. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. Comparing prescriptive and descriptive gender stereotypes about children, adults, and the elderly. Lee N., Sameen H., Cowling M. Access to finance for innovative SMEs since the financial crisis. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. THE Global Gender Gap Report 2021 brings no glad tidings for Pakistan. The 2021 edition of the annual Global Gender Gap Report, produced by the World Economic Forum, was published recently. Alesina A.F., Lotti F, Mistrulli P.E. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. Cozarenco A., Szafarz A. Global Gender Gap Report 2021 | World Economic Forum Chart. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Evidence of lack of access to finance is presented by Brownand Rocha(2020), showing that in first quarter of 2020 small firms in China saw a 60% decline in equity investments. Data for 2019 is not available. Gender Gap Report 21: India's ranking continues to slide GSMA | Gender Gap - Mobile for Development We perform PSM to pair firms that have female ownership/leadership with other firms that have exclusive male ownership/leadership. We challenge the assumption of gender-based discrimination in the debt market, speculating that in the context of high uncertainty, prototypical forms of femininity may be advantageous as financial institutions seek to hedge their risk by favouring more conservative borrowers. While industries such as Software and IT Services, Financial Services, Health and Healthcare, and Manufacturing are countering this trend, there is a more severe destruction of overall roles in industries with higher participation of women, such as the Consumer sector, Non-profits, and Media and Communication. 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New, Insights into the worlds most important health markets, Figures and insights about the advertising and media world, Everything you need to know about the industry development. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries The index score ranges from 0 to 1 (zero gender gap). Enterprise surveys. ). The main equation is as follows: where Financingic takes the value of one if the firm accessed financingfrom bank, MFIs, or equity. A paid subscription is required for full access. According to the 'Global Gender Gap Report 2021' published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Pakistan ranked 153rd out of 156 countries on the gender parity index. Gender gap index in Ethiopia in 2021, by sector [Graph]. Iceland has topped the rankings. We find no evidence of gender differences in access to equity financing during the pandemic (Column III). The Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks the evolution of gender-based gaps among four key dimensions (Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment) and tracks progress towards closing these gaps over time. Iceland is the most gender-equal country in the world for the 12th time. aSchool of Accounting, Finance and Economics, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, bEM Normandie Business School, Mtis Lab, France, cInternational School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, dDepartment of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, eQueensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Overall, the results of these additional tests are consistent with the results provided by the heckprobit model. Accessed November 10, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1253939/gender-gap-index-in-egypt/, World Economic Forum. The 15th edition, the Global Gender Gap Report 2021, comes out a little over one year after COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic. About 32% of sample firms are female-owned, whilst 16% are female-led. Table2 shows that to deal with cash flow shortages during the pandemic, about 14% of firms accessed equity financing, 10% accessed bank finance, and 1% accessed MFI finance. The Philippine has dropped one place in terms of gender equality but still maintains its position as the top performing Asian country, according to the World Economic Forum's (WEF) Global Gender Report 2021. The report released Wednesday shows that the country's ranking slipped by one notch from the previous spot. The Wald tests test the null hypothesis that the equations are independent. Pakistan ranked seventh . Statista. Though Sweden global gender gap index fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 2006 - 2021 period ending at 0.82 index in 2021. A paid subscription is required for full access. March 30, 2021. . Lebanon Ranks 132nd in The World in The 2021 Global Gender Gap Index Egypt: gender gap index 2016-2021 | Statista It is then assumed that the matched firms that have non-systematic differences in response to the treatment, so they provide valid counterfactual evidence. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. We appreciate your feedback and look forward to hearing from you. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Insights into the world's most important technology markets, Health Market Outlook [5] In, World Economic Forum. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. panels A and B provide the results for three PSM techniques: nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, and kernel matching method. However, it has still performed relatively well compared to other countries, ranking at 51 in . Although the differences attributed to gender are economically small, they nevertheless align with Cowlingetal. Globally, the economic gender gap may thus be between 1% and 4% wider than reported. The report showed that the country has closed 78.4 percent of its overall gender gap and . 2230. Global Gender Gap Index bu gender tengligini olchash uchun moljallangan indeks. Published by Statista Research Department , Aug 19, 2022 The global gender gap index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, political, education, and health-based criteria. Gender bias and credit access. This placed Ghana in the. World Economic Forum. WEF's gender gap index 2021: India slips 28 places, ranks 140 among 156 Humphriesand Ulyssea,2020 report similar impacts. The methodology of the index has remained stable since its original conception in 2006, providing a basis for robust cross-country and time-series analysis. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. The Global Gender Gap Report 2021 mirrored Pakistan's dismal performance as its gender gap widened by 0.7 percentage to 55.6pc, faring better than only Afghanistan in the South Asian region and . Global Gender Gap Index 2022 - Drishti IAS Humphries, J.C.N., Ulyssea, G., 2020. Sabri Boubaker: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing review & editing. Accessed November 10, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1247271/gender-gap-index-in-ghana/, World Economic Forum. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. We provide evidence of a slight gender bias in debt financing, with creditors favouring female entrepreneurs when dealing with cash flow problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vector X captures various firm and ownership characteristics to minimise the omitted correlated variable problem given that female-owned/led firms tend to systematically differ from male-owned/led firms (Cesaroniand Paoloni,2016; Cooperetal., 1988; Shawetal., 2001; Stefaniand Vacca,2013). Endogeneity in probit response models. Takes the value of one if either product innovations and/or process innovations occurred in the firm during the last three years, 0 otherwise. Political Analysis, 18(2), 138-150. The standard errors (in parentheses) used to compute the t-statistics is the standard deviation of the ATT after 100 bootstrap replications. The methodology of the index has remained stable since its original conception in 2006, providing a basis for robust cross-country and time-series analysis. Becker G.S. Cooper A.C., Woo C.Y., Dunckelberg W. Entrepreneurs' perceived chances for success. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Women remain 7% less likely than men to own a mobile phone, and are 16% less likely to use mobile internet. Supplied photo shows a symposium to discuss gender inequality in the media sector in Tokyo on Feb. 27, 2021. For example, unobservable factors of borrower's credit situation encourage lenders to use gender as a proxy for ability to pay (Andrsde etal., 2020). Globally, the average distance completed to parity is at 68%, a step back compared to 2020 (-0.6 percentage points). The top 10 most gender-equal countries include Finland, Norway, New Zealand, Rwanda, Sweden, Ireland and Switzerland. The 14th edition of the report, the Global Gender Gap Report 2020, was launched in December 2019, using the latest available data at the time. The report unveiled that the global gender gap index stood at 67.7% in 2021, implying that an average international gap of 32.3% still needs to be sealed to complete universal gender equality. and over 1Mio. Table7 Chart. Assess the needs 2. The gender gap in Economic Participation and Opportunity remains the second-largest of the four key gaps tracked by the index. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. Global gender farqi hisoboti birinchi marta 2006-yilda Jahon iqtisodiy forumi tomonidan nashr etilgan. Rwanda and Namibia. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Insights into the world's most important technology markets, Health Market Outlook The indicator shows that women experience a bigger gender gap in potential-based job transitions in fields where they are currently under-represented, such as Cloud Computing, where the job-switching gap is 58%; Engineering, where the gap is 42%; and Product Development, where the gap is 19%. Bank of Italy Occasional Paper No. Global Gender Gap index 2021 - Jatin Verma's IAS Academy Japan Ranks 116th in 2022 Global Gender Gap Report Competition, small business financing, and discrimination: evidence from a new survey. Quick Analysis with our professional Research Service: Toplists & Rankings: Best Employers Portal, Show sources information In 2021, global gender gap index for Sweden was 0.82 index. Di antara kontributor Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, 13,6% mengidentifikasi diri mereka sebagai perempuan dan 1,7% lain-lain. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Aterido R., Beck T., Iacovone L. Access to finance in Sub-Saharan Africa: is there a gender gap? Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). For example, in Cloud Computing, women make up 14% of the workforce; in Engineering, 20%; and in Data and AI, 32%. The index score ranges from 0 to 1 (zero gender gap). 0.44 (index) in 2021 Afghanistan global gender gap index was 0.44 index in 2021 - the single year for which the data is available at the moment. "By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in Sales_Increase indicates high-income generation, thus reducing the need for external credit. The percentage of shares held by family members (range from 0 to 100). Cowles Foundation. Our paper is motivated by the fact that a significant portion of smaller businesses globally are female-owned/led (Bruhnetal., 2017), the importance of these firms in driving female participation in the economy, and female entrepreneurs being particularly hit hard by the pandemic (Liuetal., 2021), putting much of the progress made towards women's empowerment at risk. At the current relative pace, gender gaps can potentially be closed in 52.1 years in Western Europe, 61.5 years in North America, and 68.9 years in Latin America and the Caribbean. Cowlingetal. South Africa: gender gap index 2016-2022 | Statista We contribute to the literature of gender in finance, by providing the first cross-country study examining the impact of gender in terms of accessing debt and equity financing during the COVID19 pandemic. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. If capital providers observe a noisy signal of borrowers ability and has prior information about correlates of ability (let's say a group-specific mean), then expectation of borrowers ability should place weight on both the signal and the mean. Using European Central Bank data, Stefaniand Vacca(2013) find female firms structurally different from those led by men, without leaving room for a significant gender effect. The most recent Global Gender Gap Report 2021 rankings by the World Economic Forum is a case in point that warrants greater attention. It "assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities," the Report says. Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/03522e90-a13d-4a02-87cd-9ee9a297b311/121264-WP-PUBLIC-MSMEReportFINAL.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=m5SwAQA, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/women-finance-least-developed-countries-collateral/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292811039_The_social_psychology_of_discrimination_theory_measurement_and_consequences, https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/rs403tot(2).pdf, https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/unequal-entrepreneurs-why-female-enterprise-is-an-uphill-business, https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/covid-19, Takes the value of 1 if the firm accessed finance from commercial banks as the main mechanism of dealing with cash flow shortages during the pandemic, 0 otherwise.
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