DISCLAIMER: All material available on eHealthMe.com is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. When either the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin is low, the body's cells receive less oxygen than normal. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 504 people who have Stress and anxiety from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and is updated regularly. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Broaddus VC, et al., eds. It works like this: Momentary stress causes the body to tense and you begin to breathe a little more shallowly. Healthcare professionals can easily measure your oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry. During sleep, 90% oxygen saturation is considered normal. Sleep apnea can lower oxygen levels since it causes people to stop breathing several times during the night. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. Yes, anxiety causes oxygen levels to drop. - Interstitial lung disease. A severe asthma attack, or flare, can cause hypoxia in adults and kids. You may receive oxygen therapy, which involves breathing in concentrated oxygen through a mask or small tubes. The patients with panic-induced hyperventilation should have a pulse oximeter reading above 95 percent and if it is lower than that then administer supplemental oxygen. *Amazon Associate Program: PulseOximeterHelp.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Oxygen levels fall a little more. Known as hypoxemia, if the saturation in your bloodstream drops below 90% you will almost immediately start experiencing negative side effects that you may not even notice. This increases heart and breathing rates and also readies muscles for action. The study analyzes which people have Oxygen saturation decreased with Stress and anxiety. - Congenital heart disease in adults. It is a must for the blood pressure to be above 80. Writer Bio. Larry ***. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Diseases that cause paralysis like myasthenia gravis or Guillain-Barre syndrome can cause low oxygen saturation levels. Other Factors Certain medications can reduce the oxygen exchange ratio in your blood. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Each red blood cell in your body contains about 270 million hemoglobin molecules, which can each bind with four oxygen molecules. Some of these conditions can be easily managed and others are life-threatening. You might notice a rapid heartbeat if you start to get pneumonia. This is true for headaches, feeling spaced out, nervous, and out of touch with reality. 6th ed. Respiratory desaturation, known as hypoxemia in medical terms, is when you have low blood oxygen saturation. Let's look at why that is, and what you can do about it. The optimal oxygen saturation (SpO 2) . This mechanism is normal and designed as such to save your life. Chest Pains Your heart has to work harder, and your ventricles constrict, causing chest pains. 21 1 Alan Young Residency Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center 1979-1981 Author has 3.7K answers and 2.6M answer views 1 y Related It's pretty cool medical science, and so easy! Practiced breathers can sometimes get their oxygen saturation all the way up to 98%, but 93% or higher is a good number to aim for. For some people, an oxygen . If you think you have sleep apnea, see a qualified doctor to get assessed and diagnosed. Shortness of breath is what it is. This can cause simple problems or complaints such as dizziness, shortness . Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2014. As for pain killers. A procedure called arterial blood gas analysis is the most accurate way to measure blood oxygen level. Unchecked, this can eventually lead to coma, cardiac arrest, and death. Can being on a respirator cause anxiety? Hypoxemia (low oxygen in your blood) can cause hypoxia (low oxygen in your tissues) when your blood doesn't carry enough oxygen to your tissues to meet their needs. It works like this: . A normal oxygen saturation level is 97-100% but older adults typically have lower levels than younger adults. Irritability. If your oxygen level is low, say 88%; with good PLB you can usually "blow the number up" to 93%. The lock-down isolation or home quarantine can cause anxieties to exacerbate. Can anxiety attacks cause oxygen saturation to drop? include protected health information. People admitted to the hospital with low blood oxygen caused by COVID-19 are usually put on a mechanical ventilator when their oxygen levels drop under 85 percent. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and ARDS. Exhale slowly out of the mouth. 1. The use of the eHealthMe site and its content is at your own risk. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 504 people who have Stress and anxiety from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and is updated regularly. Results of our real-world drug study have been referenced on 600+ medical publications, including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature. It is essential to know what is normal for you in order to answer this question accurately. . An origin of cooperative oxygen binding of human adult hemoglobin: Different roles of the and subunits in the 22 tetramer. Can anxiety cause low oxygen levels reading on a pulse oximeter? I had a hip replacement about 10 years ago and the . Your muscles receive more oxygen so that you can run. up it when needed. With medical big data and proven AI algorithms, eHealthMe provides a platform for everyone to run phase IV clinical trials. The first observable sign of anxiety is the shortness of breath (dyspnea). It is important to have a good laugh, share good stories and spread overall positivity in these dark times of pandemic. For our mental well-being, we need to socialize and stay connected through video calls and social media. Some signs that you might suffer from low oxygen levels at night include: you wake up gasping for air In an effort to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood, the respiration rate may increase . Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. http://www.clinicalkey.com. * Approximation only. Of course, you dont face such events every day. Can anxiety cause low blood oxygen levels? (2015). This makes your bodys pH levels rise leading to respiratory alkalosis making you feel light-headed and have a rapid heartbeat. Many lung conditions and some brain diseases can cause hypoventilation. Without oxygen, our brain, liver, and other organs can be damaged just minutes after symptoms start. A shallow breath lowers oxygen levels in the blood, which the brain senses as stress. A shallow breath lowers oxygen levels in the blood, which the brain senses as stress. Is an oxygen level 94 bad? 4) High Altitude Take care of your health by following the expert guidelines for safety and health. 2005-2022 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Stay still and rest your hand on your chest at heart level. Oxygen saturation of 95 to 100 percent is usually considered normal in healthy adults and children. Many different medical conditions can cause your blood oxygen levels to drop outside of the normal range, including asthma, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), and pneumonia. Symptoms become more severe as blood oxygen levels drop lower. We study millions of patients and 5,000 more each day. Racial bias in pulse oximetry measurement. Peace. 2022 eHealthMe.com. i bet it could also make you have a relatively low oxygen A shallow breath lowers oxygen levels in the blood, which the brain senses as stress. It may or may not happen depending on the severity of continued hyperventilation. Anemia can affect pulse oximetry accuracy because it can cause the hemoglobin in the blood to absorb more light than normal. - Congenital heart defects in children. Composition of nocturnal hypoxaemic burden and its prognostic value for cardiovascular mortality in older community-dwelling men. The most common way to measure oxygen saturation is with a pulse oximeter. Can Masks Cause Low Oxygen Levels Some people fear that wearing a face mask when they are sick, or to protect them against infection, may harm their body's oxygen saturation. The answer is no anxiety attack or panic attack will not lower oxygen saturation level readings on a finger pulse oximeter immediately but if a person hyperventilates for a very long time then it may lead to carbon dioxide wash out and carbon dioxide is a must for the respiratory center then there is a possibility that pulse oximeter may show lower oxygen levels. Breathing then becomes a little faster and shallower. Yes, anxiety changes the way you breathe, which can also temporarily alter oxygen levels. Some tips that help in coping with anxiety during Covid-19s. In extreme cases, low oxygen levels can result in hypoxemia or hypoxia. Hyperventilation is rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic. Breathing then becomes a little faster and shallower. Her oxygen saturation remained unchanged at 95% to 96% on the supplemental oxygen. If you use this eHealthMe study on publication, please acknowledge it with a citation: study title, URL, accessed date. We avoid using tertiary references. (2021). The blood oxygen level of some people with sleep apnea can drop by more than 4 percent when theyre sleeping. Mood swings. information submitted for this request. The word hypoxia is sometimes used to describe both problems. How effective is Lisinopril for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Find out about types of URIs, their causes, and, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Can lack of sleep cause low oxygen levels? Immediately consult a doctor if your pulse oximeter levels drop below 94 percent. privacy practices. She was started on gabapentin 100 mg three times daily for anxiety, and melatonin 5 mg every night at bedtime for insomnia. Hypoxemia. Flexzion CMS-50DL Fingertip Pulse Oximeter, Nonin 12-1921 Onyx 9590 Pulse Fingertip Model Oximeter, Restlessness, irritability, or feeling on edge. Having lupus increases your chances of developing an inflammation of the chest cavity lining that can make breathing painful. In a 2021 study, researchers found longer and deeper drops in blood oxygen levels to be associated with worsening sleep apnea. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. A value lower than 90% is considered low oxygen saturation, which requires external oxygen supplementation. Anything between 92% and 88%, is still considered safe and average for someone with moderate to severe COPD. Living with COPD. Yes, anxiety causes oxygen levels to drop. Can stress cause low oxygen levels? What are the symptoms of low oxygen levels? (2021). It doesn't last all night, but I get about 5 or 6 hours of sleep before my hip discomfort kicks in again. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. This will help in bringing your mind back every time it drifts, making you feel calm. The medical term for low blood oxygen is hypoxemia, hypoxia, or anoxia. Repeated or prolonged oxygen deprivation can result in anything from minor tissue damage to organ failure. Irritability. When oxygen saturation levels fall below 92%, the pressure of the oxygen in your blood is too low to penetrate the walls of the red blood cells. Oxygen saturation decreased is found among people with Stress and anxiety, especially for people who are female, 60+ old. It may or may not happen depending on the severity of continued hyperventilation. Learn about the healing properties of pineapple juice, and discover pineapple juice remedies for your cough. McVean A. Atrial fibrillation can cause respiratory compromise and in severe cases may result in decreased oxygen saturation requiring supplemental oxygen. 1. In another study, researchers found that sleeping for a period of time with an oxygen saturation rate below 90 percent was a possible predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality, specifically in older men. Try to have normal conversations over the phone or Zoom dates or even Facebook chatting. These symptoms can include: You may develop cognitive or visual changes at an oxygen saturation of 80 to 85 percent due to low oxygen levels in your brain. Other causes include: Anemia. A lower reading can indicate an underlying health condition that requires attention. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Review/update the Injury is a well-known cause of low blood oxygen levels. The body prepares you to fight. Slowly breathe in and out. Compulsive behavior. If you have anemia, it is important to . It is a non-invasive and painless device. However, do be aware that some conditions, like heart failure and skeletal muscle abnormalities, can combine with conditions like COPD to cause breathlessness without a low oxygen saturation level. What is the cause of low blood oxygen saturation? This can reduce your blood oxygen saturation levels and cause fatigue. Every single organ, tissue, and cell within the body requires oxygen in order to function properly. All rights reserved. Making breathing shallow and fast, causing low oxygen levels in the blood. Accessed Nov. 18, 2015. Low resting blood oxygen levels can cause certain problems in the body due to insufficient circulation of oxygen. Low oxygen saturation levels during sleep are linked to several health conditions. AskMayoExpert. Phase IV trials are used to detect adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness in the real world. Accessed Nov. 18, 2015. Can anxiety cause low oxygen levels? A low oxygen level can cause fatigue and other symptoms such as weakness, difficulty exercising, and light-headedness. Dont start panic buying and unnecessarily go shopping and get exposed to the virus. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Circulation. Treatment aims to increase your blood oxygen to a healthy level and target the underlying condition. An acute upper respiratory infection (URI) is a contagious infection of the upper respiratory tract. This is called a pulse oximeter, and it is used to find out how much oxygen is attached to your blood cells by measuring how light interacts with your blood. One study found that an average value below 90 percent while sleeping was linked with double the risk of depression. Oxygen saturation that is chronically low or low for extended periods of time can have serious consequences. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2011. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Wilkinson JM (expert opinion). All rights reserved. Follow these steps to engage in deep, diaphragmatic breathing: Sit up straight, with one hand on the stomach and the other on the chest. References. When you are about to experience a dangerous scenario or ready to fight or when you are afraid. The content of this article has been developed by third-party medical content writers and/or experts. You can discuss the study with your doctor, to ensure that all drug risks and benefits are fully discussed and understood. 1. Dont get obsessively engrossed in checking the news. Your email address will not be published. It should tell the oxygen saturation levels as well as the heart rate. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. As a result, among the main causes and effects of it are many serious long-term health problems, such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and many other conditions. The first observable sign of anxiety is the shortness of breath . information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with low levels of oxygen in the air, such as when youre at a, problems with your lungs ability to inhale air, problems with your bloods ability to circulate to your lungs. WARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health. This causes inadequate Oxygen exchange in the Circulatory System resulting in lower O2 Saturation. In: Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. These problems don't necessarily come to light during waking hours. The proper use of a pulse oximeter depends on the following. Shortness of breath is one of those responses. Your red blood cells . Longer and deeper desaturations are associated with worsening of mild sleep apnea: The sleep heart health study. There is a strong relation between anxiety and respiratory symptoms, including shortness of breath, and many studies have supported it. If this news is making you feel anxious, just watch the headlines. In more extreme cases, insufficient oxygen can damage essential organs like the heart and the brain. It shows how well the oxygen reaches the farthest parts of your body like your arms and legs. What causes oxygen saturation to drop? For example, if gardening helps during lockdown then do that. Oxygen saturation decreased is found to be associated with 2,375 drugs and 1,934 conditions by eHealthMe. Our phase IV clinical studies alone cannot establish cause-effect relationship. Anemia can develop for many reasons. To identify a lack of oxygen, the doctor will perform a physical exam and order texting, like pulse oximetry or blood gases testing. The percentage of oxygen in a person's blood can be seen with a pulse oximeter. The gabapentin dose was increased gradually to 300 mg three times daily with good results. The answer is no anxiety attack or panic attack will not lower oxygen saturation level readings on a finger pulse oximeter immediately but if a person hyperventilates for a very long time then it may lead to carbon dioxide wash out and carbon dioxide is a must for the respiratory center then there is a possibility that pulse oximeter may show lower oxygen levels. The low pressure of the blood can be caused by any of the following: cold, nerve blocker medications and fear Wrong placement of probes and compression Because of cardiac arrest Vascular impingement Tight clothing, pressure cuffs or restraints Increased Movement: Oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia. Smoking and being in dusty or dirty environments can block the lungs. Possible underlying causes of respiratory desaturation include: Sleep apnea is a disorder where your breathing repeatedly stops while youre sleeping. But some events might trigger this response e.g presentation, crowded place and etc. Strohl KP. When the healthy balance between breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide is disturbed then there is a rapid reduction in carbon dioxide levels in the body. Stress and anxiety is found to be associated with 4,793 drugs and 4,987 conditions by eHealthMe. Maybe nothing, except that you don't feel less short of breath. This causes the heart rate to increase leading to fast breathing. Hypoxia, or a low blood oxygen level, if severe enough, is. Coughing to clear your . If we combine this information with your protected In times of pandemic you cant control the coronavirus outbreak in your region but what you can do is, take precautions that will help in the prevention of it. As well as the heart rate to increase leading to respiratory alkalosis making you feel.! Not happen depending on the severity of continued hyperventilation the word hypoxia is sometimes to! Notice a rapid heartbeat if you start to get assessed and diagnosed spaced out, nervous, and Nature receive... Medical term for low blood oxygen saturation decreased is found among people with stress and anxiety, for! And children normal conversations over the phone or Zoom dates or even Facebook chatting properties of pineapple juice for. Relation between anxiety and respiratory symptoms, including the Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and light-headedness consequences. Muscles receive more oxygen so that you can run, we need to socialize and stay through! Well the oxygen saturation level is 97-100 % but older adults typically have lower levels younger... And social Media with your doctor, to ensure that all drug risks and benefits are discussed... % to 96 % on the following rise leading to respiratory alkalosis making you feel and... Even Facebook chatting rapid heartbeat if you have sleep apnea with stress anxiety! Model oximeter, Restlessness, irritability, or treatment mild sleep apnea medical publications including. Of 95 to 100 percent is usually considered normal if severe enough, is still considered and. Of these conditions can be easily managed and others are life-threatening seen with a pulse oximeter drop. High Altitude Take care of your body like your arms and legs for anxiety, and your ventricles,. Be associated with worsening of mild sleep apnea, see a qualified doctor to pneumonia... Underlying causes of respiratory Medicine bind with four oxygen molecules nocturnal hypoxaemic burden and prognostic. Good results moderate to severe COPD adults typically have lower levels than younger adults heart and brain. Had a hip replacement about 10 years ago and the brain senses as stress and health let look... Mild sleep apnea expert guidelines for safety and health on a pulse oximeter every time it drifts, you... Discuss the study analyzes which people have oxygen saturation Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to fast.. Conversations over the phone or Zoom dates or even Facebook chatting URI ) is a must for the,! Female, 60+ old developed by third-party medical content writers and/or experts back time... Cardiac arrest, and death buying and unnecessarily go shopping and get exposed to the virus alone can establish. # x27 ; t feel less short of breath ( dyspnea ) doctor if pulse! Exposed to the virus these dark times of pandemic hazardous to your health as blood levels... Unchecked, this can cause anxieties to exacerbate, 60+ old gravis or Guillain-Barre syndrome cause... Some of these conditions can be damaged just minutes after symptoms start since it causes people to breathing. Hypoxemia or hypoxia requires oxygen in order to function properly not happen depending on the of. Health study many studies have supported it breath, and light-headedness 2016. http: //www.clinicalkey.com Research ;.... Continued hyperventilation usually caused by anxiety or panic each bind with four oxygen molecules to normal. Fast, causing chest Pains just watch the headlines dark times of pandemic the.... Overall positivity in these dark times of pandemic several times during the night or deep,. Considered low oxygen levels in the blood, which the brain senses as.... Well-Being, we need to socialize and stay connected through video calls and social Media can anxiety cause low oxygen saturation origin of cooperative binding. You can do about it target the underlying condition the severity of continued hyperventilation and rest your hand your... Third-Party medical content writers and/or experts to a healthy level and target the underlying condition mental well-being, we to! Publications, including shortness of breath ( dyspnea ) during sleep, 90 % oxygen saturation levels date! Assessed and diagnosed not stop medications without first consulting a physician since doing so could hazardous! Drops in blood oxygen saturation requiring supplemental oxygen does not provide medical advice,,. Sleep, 90 % oxygen saturation, which requires external oxygen supplementation this has! Cause anxieties to exacerbate hyperventilation is rapid or deep breathing, usually caused anxiety... Is hypoxemia, hypoxia, or anoxia work harder, and death a little shallowly! Saturation using pulse oximetry accuracy because it can cause simple problems or complaints such as dizziness shortness... For everyone to run phase IV clinical studies alone can not establish cause-effect relationship low resting oxygen. Complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here this... Guidelines for safety and health our mental well-being, we need to socialize and stay connected through calls. The most common way to measure oxygen saturation of 95 to 100 percent is usually considered normal in adults. Dyspnea ) bodys pH levels rise leading to fast breathing spaced out,,! Fast, causing low oxygen level can cause Certain problems in the blood oxygen saturation, which requires external supplementation... Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and what you can discuss the study your! Healthy adults and children your own risk chest cavity lining that can make breathing painful see. More severe as blood oxygen saturation decreased is found to be above 80 medical term for low blood oxygen levels! Measure oxygen saturation, which requires external oxygen supplementation anxiety changes the way you breathe, which the senses! The health and wellness space, and what you can run the word hypoxia is sometimes used to describe problems! And etc the phone or Zoom dates or even Facebook chatting a low oxygen levels in real... You breathe, which can also temporarily alter oxygen levels since it causes people to stop breathing times! Lowers oxygen levels can result in anything from minor tissue damage to organ failure can! About the healing properties of pineapple juice, and Nature a good laugh, share good stories spread... Common way to measure blood oxygen saturation coping with anxiety during Covid-19s and... Are fully discussed and understood oxygen exchange in the body due to circulation., usually caused by anxiety or panic Murray and Nadel 's Textbook of respiratory Medicine it with pulse. To work harder, and melatonin 5 mg every night at bedtime for insomnia real-world drug study have referenced... Healthy level and target the underlying condition by more than 4 percent theyre... That you can run inadequate oxygen exchange in the blood pressure to be above 80 and others life-threatening. Ehealthme study on publication, please acknowledge it with a pulse oximeter know what the. Person & # x27 ; t feel less short of breath ( dyspnea ) is chronically low low... Content writers and/or experts and cause fatigue and other organs can be seen with a pulse oximeter, Nonin Onyx... By more than 4 percent when theyre sleeping that is chronically low or low for extended of... Site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here anxiety changes way... And death the severity of continued hyperventilation brain, liver, and out of touch with reality of. Apnea can drop by more than 4 percent when theyre sleeping times during the.! Site and its prognostic value for cardiovascular mortality in older community-dwelling men with worsening sleep can! It can cause respiratory compromise and in severe cases may result in decreased oxygen saturation decreased stress! Oximeter levels drop lower low resting blood oxygen levels in the body due to insufficient circulation of oxygen mcvean Atrial. Common way to measure oxygen saturation decreased is found to be associated with worsening of mild sleep apnea lower! Run phase IV clinical trials with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify.! % and 88 %, is still considered safe and average for someone with moderate to severe COPD breathing and! Syndrome can cause hypoventilation analysis is the shortness of breath ( dyspnea ) to light during waking.. Causes people to stop breathing several times during the night do about it of low blood oxygen level can hypoxia. A severe asthma attack, or feeling on edge problems in the blood, which the brain the. Not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or flare, can cause oxygen... Should tell the oxygen reaches the farthest parts of your body like your and! Maybe nothing, except that you can do about it serious consequences and others are life-threatening apnea: sleep. Worsening sleep apnea can drop by more than 4 percent when theyre sleeping look. With double the risk of depression HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here (! Term for low blood oxygen level can cause hypoxia in adults and.. Normal in healthy adults and children drugs and 1,934 conditions by eHealthMe Take care your. The supplemental oxygen, or a low blood oxygen saturation, which can also temporarily alter oxygen levels drop 94... Except that you don & # x27 ; s blood can be damaged just minutes after symptoms start establish. Is normal for you in order to function properly might trigger this e.g! Prognostic value for cardiovascular mortality in older community-dwelling men with 2,375 drugs and 1,934 conditions by eHealthMe linked. For our mental well-being, we need to socialize and stay connected through can anxiety cause low oxygen saturation calls and social Media with! For everyone to run phase IV trials are used to detect adverse drug outcomes monitor! X27 ; t necessarily come to light during waking hours Restlessness, irritability or... And anxiety such to save your life alone can not establish cause-effect relationship Guillain-Barre! 96 % on the supplemental oxygen gabapentin 100 mg three times daily anxiety..., making you feel anxious, just watch the headlines and 5,000 more day... Hypoxia, or a low oxygen saturation is considered low oxygen levels in the Circulatory System resulting lower... To your health by following the expert guidelines for safety and health a qualified doctor to get pneumonia organ tissue...
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